What is a common way in which ransomware operates?

Ransomware is a type of malicious software specifically designed to deny access to a user's data, typically by encrypting files, and then demanding a ransom payment to restore access. The primary goal of ransomware is to extort money from individuals or organizations by leveraging the urgency and distress caused by the loss of access to important data.

When ransomware encrypts files, the user's data becomes inaccessible without a decryption key, which the attackers promise to provide upon receipt of payment. This method creates a significant incentive for victims to comply with the demands of the attackers, as the loss of critical data can lead to severe operational disruptions or financial losses.

The other options describe different types of malware or issues that can affect a computer system but do not accurately characterize the operational mechanism of ransomware. Deleting files permanently or slowing down system performance relates more to other types of malware, while rerouting internet traffic typically refers to browser hijackers or adware rather than ransomware. Thus, the correct answer highlights the essential and characteristic behavior of ransomware in the cybersecurity landscape.