Which security model involves users having special privileges on a system?

The concept of special privileges on a system is best represented by the Least Privilege model. This security principle dictates that users should only have the minimum levels of access – or privileges – necessary to perform their job functions. By adhering to the Least Privilege model, risks associated with excessive permissions are mitigated, limiting damage in the event of an account compromise or careless handling of sensitive data.

In practice, special privileges granted under this model are intended to promote security by ensuring that users do not have access to sensitive data or system functions that are beyond their requirements. This minimizes potential vulnerabilities and helps protect against insider threats by restricting what users can do within the system.

While other models such as Role-Based Access Control or Mandatory Access Control also govern user permissions, they often operate on different principles. Role-Based Access Control assigns permissions based on user roles, which might include special privileges depending on the role, but the core idea is the assignment of roles rather than the principle of least privilege itself. Mandatory Access Control enforces restrictions on access based on a system-wide policy, and Separation of Duties focuses on preventing fraud and error by dividing responsibilities among different users. Each of these frameworks has its own applications and contexts, but the foundation of Least Privilege specifically addresses the concern of