Which term describes software that is designed to exploit vulnerabilities in computers or networks?

The term that describes software designed to exploit vulnerabilities in computers or networks is malware. This is a broad category that encompasses any malicious software intended to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise the security of a computer system or network. Malware includes various forms such as viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware, and more, all focused on exploiting weaknesses to achieve unauthorized access or damage.

Understanding that malware aims to take advantage of specific vulnerabilities highlights its role in cybersecurity threats. It is essential for professionals to recognize and defend against malware to protect systems and data from potential breaches and attacks.

Other terms might refer to specific types of malware or software functionalities but do not encompass the broader malicious intent associated with exploiting vulnerabilities like malware does. Spyware typically focuses on collecting personal information without consent. Adware usually serves advertisements and may not directly exploit vulnerabilities in a malicious manner. Firmware refers to the low-level software that controls hardware devices, and while it can have security implications, it is not classified as software designed for exploitation.